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Energy Conversion Fundamentals

Engineering reference on Energy Conversion Fundamentals for wireless power system design, integration, and deployment.

6 minArticle 14/16Fundamentals

Energy Conversion Fundamentals — educational diagram — Fig.: Educational diagram for “Energy Conversion Fundamentals”.

A wireless charger is a chain of power converters. Understanding each stage clarifies efficiency maps, heat sinks, and why “wireless” loss is only one part of wall-to-battery performance.

01Typical stage stack

Front-end: PFC and AC/DC (mains-powered docks) or DC input from a facility bus.
Inverter / power stage: creates the high-frequency coil drive.
Magnetic (or capacitive) link: the wireless gap.
Receiver rectifier: often synchronous for higher efficiency.
DC/DC or charger IC: finishes CC/CV battery charging or load regulation.

Energy Conversion Fundamentals — supporting diagram — Fig.: Supporting illustration for “Energy Conversion Fundamentals”.

02Loss buckets

Conduction loss (I²R), switching loss, core loss in ferrite, copper proximity/skin effect in coils, rectifier drop, and cable/bus distribution all add up. Improving only the coil coupling while ignoring a lossy rectifier rarely hits the target system efficiency. Thermal design must follow the same map: heat appears where loss appears.